Aesa based ipm sugarcane 1 aesa based ipm package for sugarcane sugarcane plant description. The forewings are semitransparent and finely laced or netlike. Sugarcane pests and diseases this page is intentionally left blank sugarcane pests and diseasesprof. Two fl owers are produced on the infl orescence, one sterile and the other bisexual. Crop yield forecasting in sugarcane using remote sensing. Give hot water treatment before planting presoak the setts in 0. Sugarcane is an important cash crop in many tropical and subtropical countries and is one of the main sources of sugar production in the world. The generic name saccharum was given to sugar cane by linnaeus in 1753 it can be traced back to the sanskrit word karkara or carkara, meaning gravel. Plantparasitic nematodes on sugarcane in florida edis, ufifas. A simplified process flow diagram for a typical cane sugar production plant is shown in figure 9. It may also be kept in mind that sugarcane leaves are used as substrate for the artificial cultivation of edible mushrooms. Ppt sugarcane diseases powerpoint presentation free to. Stripping of cane leaves may minimize attack select and plant the scale insect free setts avoid water stagnation for the longer period detrash the crop at 150th and 210th day of planting.
Sugar production from sugar cane the basic process sugar cane must be crushed to extract the juice. The states of bihar and jharkhand produce large quantity of sugarcane and availability should not be a bottleneck. It was introduced to louisiana in about 1855, and has since spread to the other gulf coast states. Dec, 2016 ipm strategy for sugarcane mealy bug use resistant varieties like co 439, co 443, co 720, co 730 drain excess water from the field detrash the crop on 150 and 210 days after planting. The plant is composed of four principle parts, the root system, the stalk, the leaves and the inflorescence. At the corpus christi location, aphid counts were taken at 3, 7, and 14 days after treatment. Pyralidae distribution life cycle and description damage host plants natural enemies weather management selected references distribution back to top. On average, sugarcane mill can crush about 5000 tons of raw sugarcane a day. Serving american families and the world since 1912 100th anniversary book published for sunmaid growers of california. Losses due to smut in sugarcane depend on various factors viz. Among the borers, top borer is of concern in north india. Chapter 1 introduction in vitro approaches for improvement of sugarcane cultivar page 1 introduction sugarcane is an oldest crop known to man, a major crop of tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Production expanded and contracted historically depending on price and competitiveness.
The juice is collected, filtered and sometimes treated and then boiled to drive off the excess water. The sugarcane aphid originally fed only on sugarcane in the us. Sugarcane production in the usa sugarcane is grown commercially in four states in the usa, with over 900,000 acres harvested. The main raw material is sugarcane with minimum 19. The infl orescence of sugarcane is a terminal panicle which possesses two spikelets and seeds protected by husks glumes covered in silky hair. Wireworm injury can generally be identified as relatively large, ragged holes into seed pieces and buds or into young shoots. Rubbing of setts with gunny bag pieces dipped in malathion 0. Crop protection pest of sugarcane tnau agritech portal. Efficacy of insecticides in management of sugarcane aphid on. It was described by johan christian fabricius in 1794. Sucrose content of infected cane is reduced to 3 7%. Sugarcane planting r ecommendations for louisiana sugarcane producers the success of a sugarcane farming operation depends on the ability to produce good stands of plant cane and maintain suitable stands for stubble crops.
The insects and mites discussed in this publication are oc casional pests of sugarcane in florida or are arthropods of concern. It is also found through the caribbean, warmer parts. It also is the basis of large plantation enterprises. Nymphs are flat and whitish in color with many long, branched, erect spines. Production is possible where other crops dont do well.
Existing methods to reliably estimate crop yield in sugarcane. Sugarcane whiteflies are one of the most important pests of sugarcane in south asian countries. Infestations cause direct and indirect damage, and early maturing varieties are more susceptible. The bud, a miniature stalk with its growing point and root and leaf primordia, forms the new shoot. Sugarcane growing countries of the world are lying between the latitude 36. It is an important crop for thousands of small farmers with only a few acres. Information contained in this document will aid in the identification of the sugarcane aphid on sorghum. Modern sugarcane varieties that are cultivated for sugar production are founded on. Drip irrigation can increase sucrose content by up to 2% when compared to flood irrigated or rainfed plantations. But the average cane yieldha in india has remained stable at 68. Efficacy of insecticides in management of sugarcane aphid. Australia would not be produced international pesticide benefits case study no. Eggs are laid singly into leaf tissue, usually on the. In view of constantly growing market, it should not be difficult for a new entrant to enter and capture the market.
A brief view 4 are generally too low to produce viable sugarcane seed in florida. In this slide it shows that in the us the sugarcane aphid had been here since 1977 in florida but only feeding on sugarcane. Biology sugarcane rootstock boer r au37 weevil sugarcane. The biology and ecology of sugarcane saccharum spp.
Thats why, for more than 30 years, sugarcane farmers have been switching to subsurface drip irrigation. Drip irrigates uniformly, even in the face of odd shape fields or slopes, unlike pivots which leave dead corners. The death of buds or young shoots leads to stand reduction whereas root feeding can stunt young plants. Field applications of insecticides at label rates to populations of sugarcane aphids showed that endigo zc and transform.
From enhancing the flavour of food to providing a substrate for fermentation, sugar is renowned worldwide for its importance as a commodity. Crop yield forecasting in sugarcane using remote sensing gamaya. The crushing process must break up the hard nodes of the cane and flatten the stems. Chapter 1 introduction in vitro approaches for improvement of sugarcane cultivar page 3 problems in sustainability of the crop.
It requires high temperatures, plenty of sunlight, large quantities of. Intensity of infestation and extent of damage are known to vary considerably across geographical locations and variations in pest complex are also on record srikanth et al. Other materials like sodabhindi juice shall be available locally. Pests of australian sugarcane sugar research australia. The australians harvest about 30 million tonnes of sugarcane each year, producing about five million tonnes. When the cane is cut, rapid deterioration of the cane begins. This is the reason why they think the aphid made a host shift in \. Sugarcane in south africa hosts more than 90 species of 28 genera of plantparasitic nematodes. Sugarcane pests and diseases pdf free download epdf. In 20, this insect was found for the first time feeding on sorghum in the us. The variety and species of pests in sugarcane crop is astonishing, as mentioned nearly 288 insects from the following orders and families are found in this crop.
Sugarcane has a thick, tillering stem which is clearly divided into nodes and internodes. Wireworm injury to seed piece internodes facilitates. Matching with long diversity of conditions under which sugarcane is grown in the world, there is wide spectrum of pests and diseases which have come to acquire a place of priority for control on regional or interregional basis due to the agroclimatic management conditions associated with the area. The primary infection is mainly from infected setts. The sugarcane aphid is a serious economic problem on grain sorghum in mexico and the caribbean, the southern states along the us gulf coast, and in more northern locations after the aphids migrate from the south.
Increase sugarcane yield using drip irrigation netafim. Pdf mealybugs are widespread throughout the sugarcane growing tracts of the world but seldom attain major pest status. A 100 years of biological control of sugarcane pests in. Sugarcane is a tall growing monocotyledonous crop that is cultivated in the tropical and subtropical. The extraction of juice from the sugarcane works out to about 45%. Secondary spread in the field may be through irrigation water and cultivation tools.
However, borers, white grub and termite in ratoon crops are recognized as major pests. Smv often infects only a section of the lawn and can have a distinct dividing line between infected and healthy areas of the lawn. Distribution the sugarcane aphid, first detected in 20 on grain sorghum along the gulf coast of texas and louisiana. Included is the origin of sugarcane, general descriptions of its growth and agronomy, its reproductive biology, toxicity and allergenicity and its general ecology. Diatraea saccharalis sugarcane borer is native to the western hemisphere but seems to have been introduced to the united states of america usa, where it inhabits the warmers states. It is a highly polymorphic species with resistance or tolerance to many pests. The rain splash, air currents and dew drops also help in the spread of conidia from the diseased to healthy plants. Miscellaneous insect pests of florida sugarcane 1 edis. All the factors put together are responsible for varietal degeneration. About 288 insect pests are known to attack sugarcane and about 24 of them cause heavy losses in quality as well as in quantity. Ii growth and production of sugarcane willy verheye encyclopedia of life support systems eolss sugar cane is a perennial grass that thrives well in tropical and frostfree warm temperate areas. Sugarcane is a tall perennial plant growing erect even up to 5 to 6 meters.
During the year 2014, countries like philippines, peru, ethiopia, egypt and guatemala realized 100 tonnes sugarcane yield per hectare. The cost of sugarcane cultivation in the country is increasing steadily. Sugarcane tops serve as fodder for cattle, baggage and leaf trashes as fuel, stubble and roots as organic manure and crop residues as mulch and compost. For many centuries sugarcane has been cultivated and developed, and we now have a huge range of crop varieties.
The sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis fabricius, is native to the western hemisphere, but not to the united states. A constant challenge to sugarcane breeding in brazil marcos cesar goncalves1 luciana rossini pinto2 silvana creste souza2 marcos guimaraes a. Diatraea saccharalis, the sugarcane borer, is a species of moth of the family crambidae. Sugarcane mosaic virus smv of the lawns i know with confirmed sugarcane mosaic virus smv, they are located south of 38th ave n and are concentrated along the. This map depicts the distribution of sugarcane in the world.
Efficacy of insecticides in management of sugarcane aphid on sorghum in texas 1t. As many as 200 species of insect pests have been reported to cause damage to the sugarcane crop at one stage or the other of crop growth. Subsurface drip irrigation goes beneath the soil to deliver water and nutrients straight to the root zone of each plant, boosting yields, elevating sucrose content, extending ratoon life and lowering operational costs. V, abbott sugarcane is native to or is grown in some 50 countries or political units within approximately 40 north lati tude to 32 south.
Honey dew secretion leads to development of sooty mould which gives blackish appearance to canes. Sugarcane plantings and production spread during the next century into the other caribbean islands and into mexico, central america, and south america. Sugarcane is one of the major crops cultivated in both the tropical. The more common include helicotylenchus dihystera, pratylenchus zeae, xiphinema elongatum and, on sandy soils, meloidogyne javanica.
Sugarcane is a glycophyte, sucrose storing member of tall growing perennial monocotyledonous grass. In monetary term, the indian agriculture currently suffers almost an annual loss of about rs 8. Sugarcane is a vegetatively propagated crop, so the pathogen is transmitted via seed settsplanting material and byphloem. Root damage caused by nematodes reduces the number and length of cane stalks and yield of sucrose. It is native to the caribbean, central america, and the warmer parts of south america south to northern argentina. Landell2 1 instituto biologico, cpdsv, plant virology laboratory, av. Abcd management frameworks document has been designed to support the identification and validation of cane. Therefore, unlike sugarbeets, sugarcane cannot be stored for later processing without excessive deterioration of the sucrose content. Pdf on jan 1, 2009, stevens m brumbley and others published sugarcane find, read and cite all the. Miscellaneous insect pests of florida sugarcane 5 long, flat and light brown or strawcolored figure 14. Pests of australian sugarcane field guide peter samson, nader sallam, keith chandler bses limited l australia 20. This document provides an overview of baseline biological information relevant to risk assessment of genetically modified forms of the species that may be released into the australian environment.
The available text matter was organized and generated as text files. At present, sugarcane is grown as a commercial crop primarily in south america. This is important because the marginal areas affected. There are many insect and animal pests of sugarcane and some insects such as plant hoppers. Based on blackburns highly successful sugarcane, originally published in 1984, this new edition has been fully revised and expanded by an international team of widely respected sugarcane specialists. It is also found through the caribbean, warmer parts of south america, including argentina and brazil. Each sugar mill critically needs information about sugarcane production to manage and allocate their resources.
Moreover, choice of sugarcane varieties, planting methods and distance, time of planting, methods of. Germination commercial sugarcane is propagated by cuttings of the stalk seed cane containing usually two or more nodes with buds. The sugarcane aphid sca has recently become one of the most important insect pests of grain sorghum and forage sorghums in texas and the southern us. Plant crop infected by pests and diseases like scales, mealy bugs etc. A 100 years of biological control of sugarcane pests in india. Sugarcane crop yield forecasting is a multibillion dollar us business in brazil.
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